Promoting Socialism Through Animalistic Connotations in...

In Upton Sinclair’s novel â€Å"The Jungle† the use of animalistic terms and connotations in the depictions of both the people and the politics created persuasive arguments for socialism and against capitalism. Christopher Phelps’ Introduction states, â€Å"As a metaphor, ‘jungle’ denoted the ferocity of dog-eat-dog competition, the barbarity of exploitative work, the wilderness of urban life, the savagery of poverty, the crudity of political corruption, and the primitiveness of the doctrine of survival of the fittest, which led people to the slaughter as surely as cattle.†(1), this is the foundation to Sinclair’s arguments that capitalism promotes competition between the working-class for mere survival all the while destroying human rights†¦show more content†¦Though not specifically promoting socialism with animalistic terms, through condemning capitalism the author shows socialism as the far superior choice and one that wo uld be most beneficial to the reader. Furthermore, the quotation begins with capitalism linking directly to the Beef Trust and the protagonist, Jurgis, coming to the realization through educating himself with the socialist literature. This is especially significant since at the beginning of the novel, the newcomers were portrayed as unsophisticated in the eyes of capitalism. Now the reader has been exposed to the idea that these people were not insolent but merely oppressed by a capitalistic environment. Zaprawa 4 One of the strongest arguments against capitalism is the quote â€Å"It was a monster devouring with a thousand mouths, trampling with a thousand hoofs; it was the Great Butcher – it was the spirit of Capitalism made flesh.†(334), the description of monster depicts capitalism as barbaric instead of those under the influence of capitalism being barbaric. This quote lends itself to the idea that people must fight for what theyShow MoreRelatedSocialism in The J ungle1715 Words   |  7 PagesSocialism in â€Å"The Jungle† By Tyler Dobson Sinclair’s  The Jungle  is a novel that tends to advocate for socialism as a remedy for the evils of capitalism that has dominated a society. Upton Sinclair’s piece was written in 1906, at a time when many European immigrants had migrated to the United States with the hope of becoming prosperous in their lives. However, their expectations were not met as some of them ended up being unemployed and those who managed to get jobs like Jurgis Rudkus in

Ego Resilience As A Protective Factor - 1242 Words

Ego-Resilience as a Protective Factor Between Childhood Trauma Psychopathology Jace Pincock University of Utah Introduction Clinical research reveals that psychological trauma during childhood increases the likelihood of developing psychological or functional disorders in adulthood. However, a significant percentages of adults with a history of trauma remain psychologically healthy. These individuals have been described as resilient. Resilience is the ability of human beings to persevere, rebound and even flourish after experiencing traumatic events (Bonnano, 2004) Although there has been an increase in resilience research, the psychological processes involved are still debated. An important issue is whether resilience develops as a consequence of trauma (resilience as an outcome) or if resilience is a relatively common characteristic of many people that can emerge with or without traumatic experiences (resilience as a trait or ego-resiliency). In this study, Dr. Phillipe proposed an integration of these two perspectives by showing that ego-resiliency can play an important protective role in the relationship between childhood trauma and the development of psychopathology. A total of 118 outpatients at a psychology clinic completed questionnaires measuring their level of childhood trauma, ego-resiliency, anxiety, depression, and self-harm behaviors. Results revealed that ego-resiliency was a significant mediator of the relationship between childhood traumaShow MoreRelatedEssay about Analysis of Little Miss Sunshine4497 Words   |  18 PagesLastly, Olive’s family provides a good source of behavior modeling for Olive that promotes resilience. Application of Family Resilience Resilience is the ability of an individual to recover from adversity and resume function using strengths as coping mechanisms, despite various traumatic events or difficulties (Zastrow and Kirst-Ashman, 2010). In today’s society, where adversity is common, having resilience is useful to gain hope and confidence, on an individual and family level. Two dimensionsRead MoreThe Theory Of Child Development803 Words   |  4 PagesEmphasis were based upon what a child would become as they get older( Green 2013)However, it was investigated by human developmental psychologist that Child development is relevant in relation to how individuals relate in the environment as well as the factors that influence human development. These psychologists developed the human developmental life span which is predominant in the society today, although remains unsubstantiated because of the dynamics of individuals and the environment. The theoriesRead MoreHigh School Graduation Rates Of Youth Of Co lor ( Hutchison, 2011 )1588 Words   |  7 Pagestaking its place in Manny’s exosystem, is also an institutional context where cultures intersect, which may create difficulties for students who are not familiar or comfortable with mainstream culture. That is most likely an important contributing factor to the low high school graduation rates of youth of color (Hutchison, 2011). For an already disenfranchised Manny, this also may help to explain the later incidence of him being left back again and his ultimate decision to drop out of school at 16Read MoreCase analysis from ego psychology perspectives Essay3517 Words   |  15 Pagesâ€Å"thoughtfully eclectic† way from a social work perspective by applying human behavior theories. The first part shows the use of Ego Psychology to illustrate how loss from April’s father’s death interrupted her development by disrupting her ego function. The second part shows the assessment of April’s biological, p sychological, and social-emotional development, the ecological factors which affected her development, and the cultural stereotype expectation on normal development. Question One: April’s arrivalRead MorePsychosocial Development Case Study Assessment week 82637 Words   |  10 Pagescrisis. Dwayne is in the ego identity versus role confusion crisis stage of development. Richard is in the adult’s stage of generativity versus stagnation. The article explores how each of the individuals resolves the crisis and the impact on the family unit as they move to the next stage. The essay further highlights how the three function as part of the family unit. 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If an individual has experienced successful outcomes with the previous stages of life and has come to terms with their viewpoints on death, then it is hypothesized they will have ego integrity. The individual will have given a meaning to their li fe and will be able to share their experiences, offering a kind of mentorship to younger generations. This theory applies to Mrs. H. as she is struggling with accepting the death of herRead MorePower Duties of a Social Worker4076 Words   |  14 Pagesdraws from the contributions of a number of sources in an attempt to show the range of interrelated family and child needs that, when met, promote optimal functioning and development. Resilience, Coping, and AdaptationIn their work with children and families, practitioners can be guided by knowledge regarding resilience, coping, and adaptation-key constructs in understanding human beings and human behavior. Before elaborating on each of these constructs, it is useful to consider the competence centeredRead MoreThe Theory Of Personality And Self Concept2411 Words   |  10 PagesAccording to the American Psychological Association (2014), â€Å"Resilience is the process of adapting well in the face of adversity, trauma, tragedy, threats or significant sources of stress† (Para. 4). In addition, biological, psychological, social and cultural factors help shape one’s resilience. There are many different theories that lay a foundation for one to begin shaping oneself. One theory isn’t set in stone because identity is an ongoing process. Erickson theory â€Å"Psychoanalytic theory isRead More Fernando, 16, Finds a Sanctuary in Crime Essay3380 Words   |  14 PagesResearch indicates that a combination of adverse socio-economic factors such as poverty, abusive or neglectful parents, and living in a violent environment, along with personal vulnerabilities such as impulsivity, puts a child at risk for delinquency and crime (Barnet Barnet, 1998). Fernando’s story depicts how individual factors interact with environmental factors to shape an individual’s life. Social influence: Family and neighborhood Research shows that risk for crime behavior is worsened

Business and company law of a corporation - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: 1. Explain the postal rule, the reasons for its creation and continued application.2. Given that legislation overrides the common law, what impact (if any) do the Electronic Transactions Act 1999 (Cth) and the Electronic Transactions Act 2000 (Vic) have on the postal rule of acceptance. 3. Should the postal rule apply to email and other forms of modern communication? Answer: Answer 1 It can be said that the postal rule of acceptance is one of the most controversial areas of contract law[1]. The postal rule of communication was developed in 1818 and its provisions have changed a lot over time. It is to be mentioned that the postal rule was developed solve the conflicts arising and doubts arising in communication and acceptance. Offer and acceptance are the fundamental provisions in contract formation. Offer and acceptance determine the duties of the parties and are the fundamental building block of a contract[2]. It is to be mentioned that the Postal rule of acceptance was developed as an exception to the general rules of offer and acceptance. It is to be mentioned that in general an offer can be revoked prior to its acceptance. However conflicts have often arisen about the time of the revocation of offer. It has often created a lot of confusion regarding whether the offer was accepted before or after it was revoked. Thus, to avoid this confusion the Postal rule was invented to solve the issue of communication of the offer between the offeror and offeree. The postal rule was created in the case Adam v Lindsell[3]. In this case the court was presented with the challenge of deciding the time of the contract formation. The court held in the aforementioned case that the contract was formed over the period of delivery of mail. Both parties of the aforementioned case had communicated by mail intending to form a contract. However, it can be stated that the mailing time lasts for days therefore the exact time of acceptance could not be decided. The problems faced by the court in deciding the exact time period of contract formation led to creation of the postal rule. The postal rule was reapplied in the case Henthorn v Fraser[4]. The postal rule states that an offer will be considered to be accepted once the communication of the acceptance of the offer has been posted. However the postal rule is applicable in circumstances where the parties have contemplated contract formation using post as the medium of communication as used ordinarily by mankind. It can be stated that in face to face interactions both parties can communicate instantaneously. However, in case of distant contracting instant communication of acceptance is not possible. Thus, in such situations parties to the contract cannot be expected to be possibly aware of the refusal of offer after acceptance of the offer has been posted. In such cases of distant contracting the postal rule is applicable. It can be stated that the postal rule has been re affirmed in the notable cases Household Fire Insurance v Grant[5]and in the relatively recent case Brinkibon Ltd v Stahag Stahl GmbH[6]. In the latter case it was held by the court that posting a letter of acceptance at the post office constitutes acceptance that is binding upon the parties to the contract. The court held that offeror and offeree must have understood and agreed to bear the risks associated with postal system while choosing the same as the means of communicating the offer. However as time has progressed the courts have been faced with the challenge of applying the postal rule in instantaneous communication. With advent of instantaneous methods of communication, the dispatch of receipt of a message constitutes valid communication. The receipt has made the aforementioned postal rule obsolete. The issue of the receipt of a message can only constitute valid communication of acceptance. In the notable case Entores Ltd v Miles Far East Corporation[7] various instances of when acceptance is communicated was illustrated by Lord Denning. It was stated by him a contract can only be expected to be formed once the news of acceptance is received by the offeror as opposed to the postal rule. In case of instantaneous communication the responsibility of communicating the acceptance of t he offer lies with offeree. However, it is assumed in case of instantaneous communication that the news of acceptance communicated to offeror during business hours is expected to be received. However as held in the remarkable case Brinkibon Ltd v Stahag Stahl[8] the responsibility lies with the offeror if he chooses to unman his machine through which the news of acceptance is communicated. Answer 2 Upon the recommendation of United Nations Commission on International Trade Law's Model Law on Electronic Commerce the Electronic Transaction Act[9] was created in the year 2000. It can be stated that the aforementioned Act was created as a strategic policy of the government of Australia to develop economic information. The Electronic Commerce Expert Group was established by the government of Australia to report the conflicts and issues relating to ecommerce. According to the report of the aforementioned expert group it can be said that the country of offeror initiating the offer will govern the contract to be formed if acceptance of such offer occurs at the offerors place of business. The Electronic Transactions Act[10] was formed in response of the aforementioned report. According to the aforementioned act it can be said that communication of acceptance of offer is said to take place if the person to whom the information of news of acceptance is given agrees consents to such information by the means of electronic communication. It is also to be mentioned that the time when the receipt of such electronic communication is issued is the time when electronic communication is expected to enter into the information system. This aforementioned statement puts emphasis on the current application of the postal rule in contracts entered into by email. The current postal rule applied in email contract states that acceptance is not constituted until the offeror gets into the system[11]. It can be stated that this legislation does not apply to facsimile and telex machines. It can be mentioned that the two of the aforementioned acts provide insight about application of the post al rule to instantaneous modes of communication. According to subsection 14(3) of the Electronic Transactions Act 1999(Cth) the time of receipt of an electric communication is noted once it reaches the information system as designated by the sender of the email. However it is to be mentioned that the aforementioned Act does not provide any clarification about what should ideally constitute the designation of the information system. It is not clarified whether opening of the email or merely receiving it in their server constitutes valid time of receipt[12]. Where there is no system designated, the time of receipt of information by the receiver would be considered to be the time when he notices it as stated in section 14 of the aforementioned act. However, the explanatory memorandum as given in the Electronic Transactions Act 2000 (Vic), states that communication must be read by the receiver of the information before it is considered to be received. However, choosing to ignore or not read a message already received in the receivers mailbox will be considered to be received. Thus it can be said that the aforementioned acts continue to guide the application of the postal rule in online business and email contracts. Answer 3 It is to be said that with the recent development in Information Technology, the problem of distance in communication has been greatly reduced. People nowadays can communicate with each other freely and in unhindered manner through various methods. However, the most popular and widely used method of formal communication is email. It can be said that with the advent of the new development in the Information Technology and wide usage of emails the application of the postal rule to email contracts has become a challenge to the courts[13]. It is to be mentioned that email communication is different from website contracting. Acceptance in website contracting is constituted in the actual time of sending and accepting the offer. However in case of communication by emails, there is no legislation which clearly determines acceptance and revocation of offer. It is to be stated that while transmitting information through emails, a message is considered to be delivered when the offeror gets onli ne and reads the message. The offeree in such a case may or may not receive a notification regarding the delivery of the message. Servers and computers of the receiver may take several minutes to receive the message or to respond. It is to be mentioned that timing issues in case of electronic communication vary between website contracting, which is generally considered to be a method of instantaneous communication and contracting through emails[14]. There are many problems which are encountered while communicating through emails. There are many instances when the emails of the senders do not get delivered or get delayed in the process of delivery. It can be mentioned that delivery of emails solely does not constitute valid communication of acceptance as the recipient can be unaware of receiving such email. There is no guarantee that the receiver will access the email upon its successful delivery and read it. The summation of these problems can be expected to be solved by the extension of the postal rule to apply in electronic communication. However, in case of Nunin Holdings v Tullarmarine Estate[15], it was held by the court that the postal acceptance rule would not apply to communication of information by email. The decision was reached by the court on the basis that email is a virtual and instantaneous mode of communication and therefore the postal rule should not be applied to it as it does not apply to other modes of instantaneous communication. The court stated that it has to follow the precedents from cases Entores Ltd v Miles Far East Corp[16], Asher v Goldman Sachs Co [17]and Reese Bros Plastics v Hamon-Sobelco Australia Pty Ltd[18] as decided earlier which dealt with instantaneous modes of communication. Therefore it can be said that as postal rule does apply to communication by email, acceptance would be constituted once the email has been received rather sent. It is to be mentioned that contracts entered into on the internet are similar to the face to face transactions. Any advertisement for sale of any good or commodity on the internet is considered to be an invitation to treat. Whenever, the customer places the order from such invitation to treat and provides the seller with the credentials of payment modes it constitutes an offer. If the website displays confirmation of such order and issues a virtual receipt valid acceptance is constituted and the issuance of the virtual receipt constitutes valid communication of acceptance as held in the case Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain v Boots Cash Chemists Ltd[19]. It can be said that the receipt rule therefore applies in internet contracting and not the postal rule. However, it has been argued by some that the email is not a direct instantaneous method of communication as there is no direct link between the devices of the parties. Email messages are independent and there is no simultaneous end-to-end traffic path between the sender and the receiver. Therefore the postal rule should apply to email contracts. Thus to conclude, it can be said that postal rule is not completely outdated and still can be applied to modern forms of non instantaneous methods f communication. However, it is not approved by the court and it is not applied to methods of instantaneous communication. However, it can be said that there are no legislative measures which provide clarification of application of postal rule in different scenarios and emails and modern communication stay unaffected by the postal rule. Bibliography Adam v Lindsell [1818] B Ald 681 Asher v Goldman Sachs Co [1991] 1 QB 129 and Reese Bros Plastics Brinkibon Ltd v Stahag Stahl Brinkibon Ltd v Stahag Stahl GmbH[1983] 2 AC 34 Brinkibon Ltd v Stahag StahlGmbH [1983] 2 AC 34 Entores Ltd v Miles Far East Corp (1955) 2 QBD 327 Entores Ltd v Miles Far East Corporation[1955] EWCA Civ 3 Graw, Parker, Whitford, Sangkuhl and Do, Understanding Business Law 7th ed LexisNexis Butterworths, 2015 Hamon-Sobelco Australia Pty Ltd (1988) 5 BPR 11-106 Henthorn v Fraser[1892] 2 Ch 27 Household Fire Insurance v Grant[1879] 4 Ex D 216 Lipton P, Herzberg A and Welsh, M, Understanding Company Law, 18th edition 2016 McKendrick, Ewan.Contract law: text, cases, and materials. Oxford University Press (UK), 2014. Nunin HoldingsPty Ltdv Tullamarine EstatesPty Ltd [1994] 1 VR 74 Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain v Boots Cash Chemists Ltd [1953] EWCA Civ 6 Seddon, N; Bigwood, R; Ellinghaus, M, Cheshire Fifoot Law of Contract, 2012 10th Australian Edition LexisNexis. Sweeney, OReilly Coleman, 2013, Law in Commerce, 5th Ed., LexisNexis. Smits, Jan M., ed.Contract law: a comparative introduction. Edward Elgar Publishing, 2017. Thomson Reuters. Harris, J. Hargovan, A. Adams, M. Australian Corporate Law LexisNexis Butterworths 5th edition, 2015. Vermeesch,R B, Lindgren, K E, Business Law of Australia Butterworths, 12th Edition, 2011 [1] McKendrick, Ewan.Contract law: text, cases, and materials. Oxford University Press (UK), 2014. [2] Smits, Jan M., ed.Contract law: a comparative introduction. Edward Elgar Publishing, 2017. [3] [1818] B Ald 681 [4] [1892] 2 Ch 27 [5] [1879] 4 Ex D 216 [6] [1983] 2 AC 34 [7] [1955] EWCA Civ 3 [8] [1983] 2 AC 34 [9] 1999(Cth) [10] 2000(Vic) [11] Thomson Reuters. Harris, J. Hargovan, A. Adams, M. Australian Corporate Law LexisNexis Butterworths 5th edition, 2015. [12] Graw, Parker, Whitford, Sangkuhl and Do, Understanding Business Law 7th ed LexisNexis Butterworths, 2015 [13] Seddon, N; Bigwood, R; Ellinghaus, M, Cheshire Fifoot Law of Contract, 2012 10th Australian Edition LexisNexis. Sweeney, OReilly Coleman, 2013, Law in Commerce, 5th Ed., LexisNexis [14] Lipton P, Herzberg A and Welsh, M, Understanding Company Law, 18th edition 2016 [15] [1994] 1 VR 74 [16] (1955) 2 QBD 327 [17] [1991] 1 QB 129 [18] (1988) 5 BPR 11-106 [19] [1953] EWCA Civ 6

The Sounds Of The Unknown Essays - Culture Of Detroit, Michigan

The Sounds of the Unknown Try to create a music, which no one has ever heard. It is so broad, new, and unexplored even the creator cannot even place a name for it. As Derrik May put it, "We had to crack some serious codes, we did things no one else would do, played music no one else would touch. Those were some brave times" (Sicko 67). A name was finally concocted by a group called the Belleville Trio. May, one of the trio, stated, "We were calling it techno. Nobody really gave it that name. I think it was just the obvious title for the kind of music we made (Silcott 46). The actual word is said to have originated in Detroit, along with pretty much everything else having to do with it. So, what exactly is techno, and how has it had an influence? In order to comprehend techno, along with its simply deceptive grooves, and how its uprising has brought on a dramatic change in American as well as European culture, there must be a deep reaching with the mind alone into an electronic culture, along with letting the influence run through the body. The life of techno is not nearly long enough to recap and write on for even a few paragraphs. There is hardly any sources on techno as well. But, anyone who is living in the twenty-first century can remember hearing the word or its vibe. Here is the beginning. A Roland TB 303 Bass Line Machine started it all. A DJ by the name of Pierre discovered a "crazy frequency sound" when he was messing with one in his home studio (Silcott 42). DJ Pierre ran the most fluencial group on the global scale, Phuture. The Roland 303 then became discovered as a inticing, great machine. Many of them were used and produced many of the first "Acid Tracks" (Silcott 44). Although the 303 was originally intended to provide bass lines for a practicing guitarist, it set the record, however, for the birth of techno (Silcott 45). Rarely known to anyone or anything, techno was a freakazoided, undulating, gurgling, psychedelic, wah wah sound that had no meaning, no purpose. In recent history, it has spread to more cultures and countries than any other music (Sicko 16). Its demand is incredible, considering only a small portion of it has main streamed. Techno may not reach to everyone, but it has appeared in large events where millions of people have experienced its voice. For instance, the opening and closing themes for the 1998 Winter Olympics were created by Ken Ishii, a worldwide know artist. Also, a huge event, known as Britain's Love Parade, plays techno on throughout the nights. Like any other music form, it is very difficult to pinpoint who exactly was the first artist. One man, known as Juan Atkins, was at least one of the early pioneers. Atkins said, "You gotta look at it like, techno is technological" (Savage 2). Another famous group, the Dust Brothers, who are better known now as the Chemical Brothers, have had a few hits even in the United States. Since an American production team had the name Dust Brothers, they made the switch to their more well-known title (Rule 3). They brought in a unique style from the U.K. that highly appealed to the U.S. clubs and inhabitants. Other groups, such as Orbital and the Aphex Twins, have also been there since the early days of techno (Savage 1). Atkins met a man named Richard Davis in college. His idea was "Hey, let's get everybody together and jam." Atkins had always been making music since he was young so they tried to accomplish making a career out of the music that they loved so much. They had one central idea in techno: the harmony between man and machine (Savage 2). That is where it all began, and started forever growing into an accepted style of music, in the nation, as well as the world. The awakening of techno was a great one. Although in actuality it seems as if techno originated in Europe, it was originally only a few styles brought from there that were perfected and flourished in the United States. An